Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina

Posted on August 25, 2014 by Ellen Brown

If Argentina were in a high-stakes chess match, the country’s actions this week would be the equivalent of flipping over all the pieces on the board.

– David Dayen, Fiscal Times, August 22, 2014

Argentina is playing hardball with the vulture funds, which have been trying to force it into an involuntary bankruptcy. The vultures are demanding what amounts to a 600% return on bonds bought for pennies on the dollar, defeating a 2005 settlement in which 92% of creditors agreed to accept a 70% haircut on their bonds. A US court has backed the vulture funds; but last week, Argentina sidestepped its jurisdiction by transferring the trustee for payment from Bank of New York Mellon to its own central bank. That play, if approved by the Argentine Congress, will allow the country to continue making payments under its 2005 settlement, avoiding default on the majority of its bonds.

Argentina is already foreclosed from international capital markets, so it doesn’t have much to lose by thwarting the US court system. Similar bold moves by Ecuador and Iceland have left those countries in substantially better shape than Greece, which went along with the agendas of the international financiers.

The upside for Argentina was captured by President Fernandez in a nationwide speech on August 19th. Struggling to hold back tears, according to Bloomberg, she said:

When it comes to the sovereignty of our country and the conviction that we can no longer be extorted and that we can’t become burdened with debt again, we are emerging as Argentines.

. . . If I signed what they’re trying to make me sign, the bomb wouldn’t explode now but rather there would surely be applause, marvelous headlines in the papers. But we would enter into the infernal cycle of debt which we’ve been subject to for so long.

The Endgame: Patagonia in the Crosshairs

The deeper implications of that infernal debt cycle were explored by Argentine political analyst Adrian Salbuchi in an August 12th article titled “Sovereign Debt for Territory: A New Global Elite Swap Strategy.” Where territories were once captured by military might, he maintains that today they are being annexed by debt. The still-evolving plan is to drive destitute nations into an international bankruptcy court whose decisions would have the force of law throughout the world. The court could then do with whole countries what US bankruptcy courts do with businesses: sell off their assets, including their real estate. Sovereign territories could be acquired as the spoils of bankruptcy without a shot being fired.

Global financiers and interlocking megacorporations are increasingly supplanting governments on the international stage. An international bankruptcy court would be one more institution making that takeover legally binding and enforceable. Governments can say no to the strong-arm tactics of the global bankers’ collection agency, the IMF. An international bankruptcy court would allow creditors to force a nation into bankruptcy, where territories could be involuntarily sold off in the same way that assets of bankrupt corporations are.

For Argentina, says Salbuchi, the likely prize is its very rich Patagonia region, long a favorite settlement target for ex-pats. When Argentina suffered a massive default in 2001, the global press, including Time and The New York Times, went so far as to propose that Patagonia be ceded from the country as a defaulted debt payment mechanism.

The New York Times article followed one published in the Buenos Aires financial newspaper El Cronista Comercial called “Debt for Territory,” which described a proposal by a US consultant to then-president Eduardo Duhalde for swapping public debt for government land. It said:

[T]he idea would be to transform our public debt default into direct equity investment in which creditors can become land owners where they can develop  industrial, agricultural and real estate projects. . . . There could be surprising candidates for this idea: during the Alfonsin Administration, the Japanese studied an investment master plan in Argentine land in order to promote emigration.  The proposal was also considered in Israel.

Salbuchi notes that ceding Patagonia from Argentina was first suggested in 1896 by Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement, as a second settlement for that movement.

Another article published in 2002 was one by IMF deputy manager Anne Krueger titled “Should Countries Like Argentina Be Able to Declare Themselves Bankrupt?” It was posted on the IMF website and proposed some “new and creative ideas” on what to do about Argentina. Krueger said, “the lesson is clear: we need better incentives to bring debtors and creditors together before manageable problems turn into full-blown crises,” adding that the IMF believes “this could be done by learning from corporate bankruptcy regimes like Chapter 11 in the US”.

These ideas were developed in greater detail by Ms. Krueger in an IMF essay titled “A New Approach to Debt Restructuring,” and by Harvard professor Richard N. Cooper in a 2002 article titled “Chapter 11 for Countries” published in Foreign Affairs (“mouthpiece of the powerful New York-Based Elite think-tank, Council on Foreign Relations”). Salbuchi writes:

Here, Cooper very matter-of-factly recommends that “only if the debtor nation cannot restore its financial health are its assets liquidated and the proceeds distributed to its creditors – again under the guidance of a (global) court” (!).

In Argentina’s recent tangle with the vulture funds, Ms. Krueger and the mainstream media have come out in apparent defense of Argentina, recommending restraint by the US court. But according to Salbuchi, this does not represent a change in policy. Rather, the concern is that overly heavy-handed treatment may kill the golden goose:

. . . [I] n today’s delicate post-2008 banking system, a new and less controllable sovereign debt crisis could thwart the global elite’s plans for an “orderly transition towards a new global legal architecture” that will allow orderly liquidation of financially-failed states like Argentina. Especially if such debt were to be collateralized by its national territory (what else is left!?)

Breaking Free from the Sovereign Debt Trap

Salbuchi traces Argentina’s debt crisis back to 1955, when President Juan Domingo Perón was ousted in a very bloody US/UK/mega-bank-sponsored military coup:

Perón was hated for his insistence on not indebting Argentina with the mega-bankers: in 1946 he rejected joining the International Monetary Fund (IMF); in 1953 he fully paid off all of Argentina’s sovereign debt. So, once the mega-bankers got rid of him in 1956, they shoved Argentina into the IMF and created the “Paris Club” to engineer decades-worth of sovereign debt for vanquished Argentina, something they’ve been doing until today.

Many countries have been subjected to similar treatment, as John Perkins documents in his blockbuster exposé Confessions of an Economic Hit Man. When the country cannot pay, the IMF sweeps in with refinancing agreements with strings attached, including selling off public assets and slashing public services in order to divert government revenues into foreign debt service.

Even without pressure from economic hit men, however, governments routinely indebt themselves for much more than they can ever hope to repay. Why do they do it? Salbuchi writes:

Here, Western economists, bankers, traders, Ivy League academics and professors, Nobel laureates and the mainstream media have a quick and monolithic reply: because all nations need“investment and investors” if they wish to build highways, power plants, schools, airports, hospitals, raise armies, service infrastructures and a long list of et ceteras . . . .

But more and more people are starting to ask a fundamental common-sense question: why should governments indebt themselves in hard currencies, decades into the future with global mega-bankers, when they could just as well finance these projects and needs far more safely by issuing the proper amounts of their own local sovereign currency instead?

Neoliberal experts shout back that government-created money devalues the currency, inflates the money supply, and destroys economies. But does it? Or is it the debt service on money created privately by banks, along with other forms of “rent” on capital, that create inflation and destroy economies? As Prof. Michael Hudson points out:

These financial claims on wealth – bonds, mortgages and bank loans – are lent out to become somebody else’s debts in an exponentially expanding process.  . . . [E]conomies have been obliged to pay their debts by cutting back new research, development and new physical reinvestment. This is the essence of IMF austerity plans, in which the currency is “stabilized” by further international borrowing on terms that destabilize the economy at large. Such cutbacks in long-term investment also are the product of corporate raids financed by high-interest junk bonds. The debts created by businesses, consumers and national economies cutting back their long-term direct investment leaves these entities even less able to carry their mounting debt burden.

Spiraling debt also results in price inflation, since businesses have to raise their prices to cover the interest and fees on the debt.

From Sovereign Debt to Monetary Sovereignty

For governments to escape this austerity trap, they need to spend not less but more money on the tangible capital formation that increases physical productivity. But where to get the investment money without getting sucked into the debt vortex? Where can Argentina get funding if the country is shut out of international capital markets?

The common-sense response, as Salbuchi observes, is for governments to issue the money they need directly. But “printing money” raises outcries that can be difficult to overcome politically. An alternative that can have virtually the same effect is for nations to borrow money issued by their own publicly-owned banks. Public banks generate credit just as private banks do; but unlike private lenders, they return interest and profits to the economy. Their mandate is to serve the public, and that is where their profits go. Funding through their own government-issued currencies and publicly-owned banks has been successfully pursued by many countries historically, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Germany, China, Russia, Korea and Japan. (For more on this, see The Public Bank Solution.)

Countries do need to be able to buy foreign products that they cannot acquire or produce domestically, and for that they need a form of currency or an international credit line that other nations will accept. But countries are increasingly breaking away from the oil- and weapons-backed US dollar as global reserve currency. To resolve the mutually-destructive currency wars will probably take a new Bretton Woods Accord. But that is another subject for a later article.

____________________________

Ellen Brown is an attorney, founder of the Public Banking Institute, and author of twelve books, including the best-selling Web of Debt. In The Public Bank Solution, her latest book, she explores successful public banking models historically and globally. Her 200+ blog articles are at EllenBrown.com.

Filed under: Ellen Brown Articles/Commentary | Tagged: , , |

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35 Responses

  2. Eric Hollingsworth, on August 25, 2014 at 11:43 am said:

    I wish people would stop giving vultures a bad name.

    Reply
  3. Argentine Budget Crisis, on August 25, 2014 at 6:15 pm said:

    […] Ellen Brown Web of Debt […]

    Reply
  4. Dick Price and Sharon Kyle, on August 25, 2014 at 6:16 pm said:

    Thanks, Ellen: Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-Stakes Chess Match for Argentina               Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-Stakes Chess Match … Ellen Brown: For governments to escape the austerity trap, they need to spend not less but more money on the tangible capital formation that increases physical pr… View on http://www.laprogressiv... Preview by Yahoo       Dick Price LA Progressive Hollywood Progressive

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    Grab this Headline Animator

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    Reply
  5. Michael Kenny, on August 26, 2014 at 4:30 am said:

    Note Ms Brown’s defensiveness as regards Greece. Argentina was presented as the poster boy of the virtues of default which Greece was to follow. Now, yet another neocon scam has blown up in their faces! Ecuador is an oil producer. It thus has a valuable resource to sell and can buy off creditors with oil or oil concessions. Iceland didn’t default on its sovereign debt. One or more Icelandic banks defaulted on their private debts and were not bailed out by the government. As a matter of law, those are two totally different situations. In addition, Iceland is tiny (300 000), roughly the same population as St Louis, half that of DC and smaller than the smallest American state. Argentina has 42 million.

    Reply
  7. Colonization by Bankruptcy – The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina – Ellen Brown | Buysilver.sg, on August 26, 2014 at 5:22 am said:

    […] Colonization by Bankruptcy – The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina – Ellen Brown […]

    Reply
  8. Colonização por falência: a Argentina contra os abutres dos EUA | Portal Fórum, on August 26, 2014 at 8:37 am said:

    […] informações do Web of Debt Blog, por Ellen Brown| Tradução: Vinicius […]

    Reply
  10. zRants, on August 26, 2014 at 8:55 am said:

    As more countries turn away from bankruptcy court dictates tehir powers should diminish.

    Reply
  11. steelhead23, on August 26, 2014 at 9:32 am said:

    Another great essay Ellen. I am new here but have read your articles in CounterPunch and Naked Capitalism. I am four-square behind public banking and sovereign coinage and taxation as a form of control of the money supply rather than as a primary government funding mechanism. But, as a person nearing retirement, I see a need for sovereign debt – that being low risk bonds that can support savers and those on a fixed income. You see, I currently save as much as possible (reducing my demand) due to my sense of risk and uncertainty – and the pitiful level of income available at very low risk (T-bills). I doubt that I am alone. Hence, I would argue that the current system (QE, ZIRP) actually quells demand from the largest wage-earners. That is, rather than being stimulative, the U.S.’s current monetary policy is adverse to economic recovery.

    And I cheer Argentina’s courageous decision to fight the leviathan. My fear, and one likely shared by Ms Fernandez is the use of U.S. military might or covert “death squads” to do what Singer is powerless to do. They’ve done it before.

    Reply
  12. Vulture Funds To Involuntarily Bankrupt Argentina Force Them To Sell Patagonia - NEWSWATCH | NEWSWATCH, on August 26, 2014 at 10:14 am said:

    […] (Ellen Brown) Argentina is playing hardball with the vulture funds, which have been trying to force it into an INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY. The vultures are demanding what amounts to a 600% return on bonds bought for pennies on the dollar, defeating a 2005 settlement in which 92% of creditors agreed to accept a 70% haircut on their bonds. A US court has backed the vulture funds; but last week, Argentina sidestepped its jurisdiction by transferring the trustee for payment from Bank of New York Mellon to its own central bank. That play, if approved by the Argentine Congress, will allow the country to continue making payments under its 2005 settlement, avoiding default on the majority of its bonds. […]

    Reply
  13. manccoin, on August 26, 2014 at 10:40 am said:

    Reblogged this on MancCoin and commented:
    The current capitalist system is a game of musical debt chairs – when the music stops its never a G8 – sorry G7 country

    Reply
  14. Jack Foster, on August 26, 2014 at 3:31 pm said:

    The real problem is when states start to default on payments or can’t meet their debt payments watch as all the state public property gets confiscated. They are coming for Detroits pensions first, then the artwork, and will finish them off by taking the parks and land under city hall itself

    Reply
  15. Rich Buckley, on August 26, 2014 at 4:01 pm said:

    Convert Loss To Universal Tax Credit

    What if IMF bad debts, had a different type of Reset such that through a vote of both IMF Directors and the Country of Default, a IMF Tax Certificate was issued to replace dollar-for-dollar the bad debt. This “IMF Tax Certificate” could then be used by its holder to offset Federal Taxes Owed in any IMF Member Country and $2 for every $1 of converted loss in the Subject default Country.
    Surely it would not encourage over-borrowing by Countries any more than the corrupt system of finance now in place.

    Equitable and Just – Distribute Pain Of Loss – Protect National Sovereignty 

    Such a hypothetical “IMF TAX CERTIFICATE” would function somewhat similarly to Corporate Loss Carryover. It’s value to a Taxpayer would encourage further investment as opposed to drying-up investment. Similarly, it’s value to the integrity of the member governments, would be to distribute and mitigate pain of loss by encouraging either new capital investment, or taxable income. Because these Certificates would carry highest tax offset benefits in the very country in financial trouble, it is likely a secondary market feature would quickly develop for a resale market to bundle the entire mess, at great cash discount, probably reaching 10¢ on the $1, and used as tax-heaven corporate shelter right in the country where the original loan capital was attempting to theoretically do some good. Through using the IMF Tax Certificates, the participating IMF borrowers would avoid…or perhaps I should say mitigate…. one of the great perceived evils of IMF: Outside forced subjugation of sovereign countries to banking hegemony and loss of national sovereignty. It’s maybe not the perfect answer, but it prevents the IMF bond holders from lengthly rounds settlement procedures, while encouraging new investment in the troubled borrower nation owing the original debt…sort of a win-win-win scenario for (1) keeping IMF honest, (2) the people working in the troubled borrower-country and (3) the Bond Holder. Various computer simulations are needed to see how it might play out.

    Reply
  17. Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina | WEB OF DEBT BLOG « The Progressive Mind, on August 27, 2014 at 6:40 am said:

    […] Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina | WEB OF DEBT BLOG. […]

    Reply
  19. David Chu, on August 28, 2014 at 1:03 am said:

    The return on “investment” that the Financial Terrorists are demanding is not 600%, but 1600+%!

    This “debt for Patagonia” swap that Adrian Salbuchi is warning about has two major obstacles: (1) the current government of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and (2) the people of Patagonia which counts among them many tens of thousands Germans who know the score and the real history of WW2.

    One of the main reasons why these Financial Terrorists like Paul Singer are intensifying their attacks on the current gov’t (by just recently hiring Baby Killer Madeleine “500,000+ Iraqi Children Killed By US Sanctions Are Worth It!” Albright ~ bit.ly/1lfNUAo) is to change the 2015 Presidential elections to effect Menem 2.0 (the former president who opened up Argentina to the IMF and World Bank and all the neolib economic and financial policies of rape and pillage of Argentina that finally resulted in the 2001/2002 financial crash).

    So it is a life and death struggle that is going on in Argentina right now.

    Reply
  21. Drastiskt drag i spelet om Argentinas statsskuld |, on August 28, 2014 at 11:54 pm said:

    […] Brown, författare till Bankerna och skuldnätet, beskriver fordringsägarnas agerande som en form av kolonialism. Hon förespråkar att länder istället för att låna på den internationella finansmarknaden ska […]

    Reply
  22. Reloading the debt dice | State of Globe, on August 31, 2014 at 12:17 am said:

    […] Source: Asia Times Online Global financiers and corporations are increasingly supplanting governments on the international stage. Case in point: Argentina’s debt struggle. Part of the answer can be found by funding through sovereign currencies and public banks, a recipeRead more… […]

    Reply
  23. Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina | WEB OF DEBT BLOG | Olduvaiblog, on August 31, 2014 at 4:02 pm said:

    […] Colonization by Bankruptcy: The High-stakes Chess Match for Argentina | WEB OF DEBT BLOG. […]

    Reply
  26. Preparing To Asset-strip Local Government? The Fed’s Bizarre New Rules | WEB OF DEBT BLOG, on September 8, 2014 at 6:51 am said:

    […] that seems far-fetched, consider what is happening with Argentina, which has been forced into bankruptcy by a US court to satisfy the exaggerated claims of certain […]

    Reply
  27. Privately controlled corporations manipulating local and state assets? | Scanned Retina Resource, on September 8, 2014 at 11:03 pm said:

    […] that seems far-fetched, consider what is happening with Argentina, which has been forced into bankruptcy by a US court to satisfy the exaggerated claims of certain […]

    Reply
  28. Preparing To Asset-strip Local Government? The Fed’s Bizarre New Rules | WEB OF DEBT BLOG | Olduvaiblog, on September 9, 2014 at 10:54 am said:

    […] that seems far-fetched, consider what is happening with Argentina, which has been forced into bankruptcy by a US court to satisfy the exaggerated claims of certain […]

    Reply
  29. GUILLOTINE WALL STREET NOW! | Wolfessblog -- Guillotine mediocrity in all its forms!, on September 9, 2014 at 5:43 pm said:

    […] that seems far-fetched, consider what is happening with Argentina, which has been forced into bankruptcy by a US court to satisfy the exaggerated claims of certain […]

    Reply
  30. Fed Pulls Rug Out From Under Municipal Finances | Thought Crime Radio, on September 10, 2014 at 6:32 pm said:

    […] that seems far-fetched, consider what is happening with Argentina, which has been forced into bankruptcy by a US court to satisfy the exaggerated claims of certain […]

    Reply
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    1073. May 21, Interview with Aaron Wissner, Local Future, Youtube livestream

    1072. May 20, radio interview, “Law and Disorder,” New York City

    1071. May 13, interview with Paul Jay, “Does Public Banking Work?”, The Analysis

    1070. May 10, 12:00-1:00 PM EST, Dr. Elaina George radio show

    1069. May 7, 11 am EST, interview with Phillip Farruggio, “It’s the Empire, Stupid,” Greanvillepost.com

    1068. May 6, Conversations with Rob, community radio, 9 am PST

    1067. Apr 4, interview with Walt McRee and Mark Anielski, The Economics of Wellbeing podcast (pre-recorded, TBA)

    1066. May 2, podcast with Matt Stannard, Cowboys on the Commons

    1065. May 1, Interview with Robert Scheer, Scheer Intelligence, KCRW Los Angeles

    1064. April 30, 12 noon MDT, Public Banking Virtual Town Hall sponsored by Colorado Public Banking Coalition

    1063. April 30, 6-6:30 pm, interview with Paul DeRienzo, WBAI News, New York City

    1062. Apr 29, 1 pm PST, radio interview with Reinette Senum, KVRM, Nevada City, CA (pre-recorded)

    1061. Apr 26, Schiller Institute Online Conference, 3 pm EST

    1060. Apr 26, 6:30 am PST, Morano in the Morning radio talk show

    1059. Apr 21, Interview with Jason Hartman, Creating Wealth Show

    1058. April 13, “Flashpoints,” KPFA, 5:40 pm PST.

    1057. April 9, radio interview with Claudia Cragg, “It’s the Economy,” KGNU Boulder CO, 6 pm MST.

    1056. April 7, “Treasury Takeover?”, podcast interview with Sarah Westall and Harley Schlanger

    1055. March 26, interview with Phillip Farruggio, “It’s the Empire, Stupid,” Greanvillepost.com

    1054. Mar. 17, 7 pm EST, interview with Gary Null, Progressive Commentary Hour

    1053. Feb. 19, radio interview on George Noory’s “Coast to Coast,” 10-12 pm pst.

    1052. Feb. 8, interview with Sylvia Richardson, “Latin Waves” radio podcast.

    1051. Jan. 8, interview with Marcus Ruiz Evans, 1 pm PST

    1050. Jan. 2, interview with Kevin Barrett,  truthjihadradio, 5 pm PST

    — 2019 —

    1049. Dec. 2, Interview with Jeff J. Brown, China Rising Radio

    1048. Nov. 24, 7 pm, presentation sponsored by Agenda for a Prophetic Faith, Claremont Presbyterian Church, Claremont, CA, “Why We Need Public Banks”

    1047. Nov. 24, 11 am, public banking presentation for “Growing Christians” class, Claremont United Methodist Church, Claremont, CA

    1046. Nov. 23, public banking presentation, Pilgrim Place, Claremont, CA

    1045. Nov 16-17, speaker, Soil & Nutrition Conference, Southbridge, MA.

    1044. Nov. 12, interview in New York with Max Keiser, Keiser Report, “Repo Markets and UBI”

    1043. Nov. 6, 5 pm EST, The CivicLab Show with Tom Tresser, live@www.facebook.com/tomtree

    1042. Oct. 23, 11:30 am-1:30 pm, luncheon presentation on public banking, League of Women Voters of San Diego, Tom Ham’s Lighthouse Restaurant, 2150 Harbor Island Dr., San Diego

    1041. Oct. 22, Presentation on public banking, DSA San Diego, Unite Here Union Hall, 2436 Market Street, San Diego, 6-7:30 pm.

    1040. Oct 16-18, keynote speaker, Economics of Happiness conference, Jeonju, South Korea

    1039. Oct. 6, 6 pm pst, interview, Jeff Rense Radio.

    1038. Sept 30, noon EST, radio interview with Pauline Salotti, WUSB, Stony Brook, NY, 90.1 FM, wusb.fm.

    1037. Sept. 26, 7 pm presentation, “Exploding the Myths of Money and Banking,” New Paradigm College, Lake County, CA

    1036. Sept. 20, podcast interview, Silver Doctors

    1035. Sept. 19, 8-9 pm pst, interview, Jeff Rense Radio.

    1034. Interview, Sept. 13 at 5 pm–6 pm on KPFZ, Lake County community Radio, 88.1 FM.

    1033. Sept. 6, Live with Ernest Hancock, 11 am EST (at 2 hour mark on video)

    1032. Aug. 26, interview with Jason Hartman, Creating Wealth Show, 12:00 pm PST.

    1031. Aug. 9, interview with Lauren Steiner, youtube

    1030. July 25, youtube podcast with Sarah Westall, “This is Why China Is Winning”

    1029. July 23, interview with Steve Bhaerman, Wiki Politiki Radio Show, 2 pm pst.

    1028. July 19, interview with Kevin Barrett,  truthjihadradio, 5 pm PST

    1027. July 12, 11 am pst, interview with Annie Esposito and Steve Scalmanini, “Corporations & Democracy,” Mendocino County, CA, www.KZYX.org

    1026. Interview with Crystal Arnold, Money-Wise Women, posted July 10

    1025. July 9, interview with Liz Lane, “It’s the Economy,” KGNU Boulder/Denver/Ft. Collins, 6 pm MDT/8 pm EDT.

    1024. June 23, interview with Mark Anielski, “The Economics of Well-being”

    1023. June 15, interview with Tom Allen, “This Week in Money,” HoweStreet.com

    1022. June 13, Interview with Sinclair Noe, “Financial Review,” MoneyRadio1510.com (pre-recorded)

    1021. June 12, 2 pm, interview on Princeton Community TV, Princeton NJ, “The Public Banking Solution” with Walt McRee

    1020. June 1, interview with Sylvia Richardson, “Latin Waves” radio podcast.

    1019.  Apr. 5, interview with Phillip Watt, healbyhypnosis.com, 3 pm, PT

    1018.  April 3, panel discussion on Green New Deal, BBC World Service, “The Balance”

    1017.  March 28, interview on Thom Hartmann show.

    1016. March 22, interview with Sinclair Noe, Money Radio 1510 

    1015.  March 11, interview with Phillip Farruggio, greanvillepost.com, 11 a.m. EST

    1014.

    1013.  Feb. 9, interview with Sylvia Richardson, Latin Waves, 8 a.m. PT

    1012.  Feb. 8, interview with Kevin Barrett,  truthjihadradio, 6 pm, PST

    1011. Jan. 31, interview with Lee Camp, LeeCampComedySpecial.com

    1010.  Jan. 3, interview with Robert Stark, The Stark Truth with Robert Stark, re The Green New Deal  https://www.starktruthradio.com/?p=8534

    — 2018 —

    1009.  Dec. 17, interview with Scott Harris, WPKN radio, Bridgeport, CT, Between the Lines Radio Newsmagazine, 9:30 ET

    1008. Nov. 2, Interview with Mike Prysner on Real News Network, https://therealnews.com/stories/will-public-banking-free-la-from-wall-street

    1007. Oct. 31, interview on Real News Network, Student Debt Dogs Millenials for a Lifetime and Drags Down the Economy, https://therealnews.com/stories/student-debt-dogs-millennials-for-a-lifetime-and-drags-down-the-economy

    1006. Oct. 22, speaker with Gar Alperovitz at Praxis Peace Institute, “Changing the System: California’s Strategic Role in National Strategic Change,” Sonoma, CA, 276 E. Napa St, Sonoma. 7:00 pm.

    1005. Oct 19-21, Bioneers Conference, panelist on Oct 20, 2:45 pm, Marin Center, San Rafael, CA.997.

    1004. Oct. 18, 350Marin.org, speaking along with Susan Harman, 750 Lindaro Street, San Rafael CA, 6:30pm.

    1003. Oct. 17, video interview with Abby Martin, work in progress.

    1001.  Oct. 11, Interview with Harvey Wasserman, Greenpower and Wellness, prn.fm, KPFK Los Angeles, 2 pm

    1000.  Oct. 9, speaker, State Bank Forum, University of Washington, Kane Hall, 7-9pm http://sdc.wastateleg.org/hasegawa/state-bank/

    999. Oct. 7, panel, Americans for Democratic Action of Southern California Annual Garden Party, 2-5:30 pm, Santa Monica, CA

    998.  Oct. 4, 7:30 pm, Living Economy Salon, panelist, Public Bank LA: “Solutions for Social and Environmental Justice”, 3110 Main St., Annex Building C 2nd Floor, Santa Monica, CA 90405

    997. Oct. 3, interview on Unmediated, podcast of Reader Magazine, episode title: Making Money The Public’s Slave (The Public Banking Solution), 10 a.m.  PT

    996. Oct. 1, radio interview, “The Power Hour,” www.thepowerhour.com, 2 pm

    995. Sept. 28, interview with Sinclair Noe, Money Radio 1510, pre-recorded for a later date

    994.  Sept. 20-22, California Vision 2020 Conference, speaking at 11 am on Sept 20, Sheraton Grand Hotel , Sacramento.

    993.  Sept. 10, interview with Lila Garrett on KPFK, “Connect the Dots”, http://www.kpfk.org/on-air/connect-the-dots/  7. a.m. PT

    992. Sept. 4, interview with Steve Bhaerman, Wikipolitiki Radio, wikipolitiki.com, 2 pm PT

    991. Aug. 31, interview with Kevin Barrett, truthjihadradio. 6 pm PT

    990. Aug. 26, Left Coast Forum, 1:30 pm, Los Angeles Trade Tech

    989. Aug. 22, interview, the Gary Null Show, 9:40 PST

    988. Aug. 14, podcast interview with Sarah Westall, 9 am pst/11 am cst

    987. Aug. 8, interview with Tom Allen, “This Week in Money”, HoweStreet.com

    986.  Aug. 9, interview with Sinclair Noe, Money Radio 1510, pre-recorded for a later date

    985. Aug. 3, 9-10 pm pst, radio interview with True Ott

    984. Aug 2, New York Green Party video livestream,  5 pm PST

    983.  Aug. 1, interview with Elizabeth Dougherty, The Dougherty Report, Newsradio 102.5 WFLA, 3 pm PST

    982. July 21, guest on WakingupinAmerica.com, 6:45 a.m., PDT

    981.  June 28, interview on MONEY RADIO with Sinclair Noe, 11:00 a.m., PST

    980. May 16, “It’s Our Money,” PRN.FM, 3 pm est

    979. May 16, interview with Michael Welch, Global Research, 11 am pst

    978. May 4, First Unitarian Church, Portland, power point presentation, “How Public Banking Would Benefit Portland and Oregon”, 7-9 pm

    977.  April 17, Retirement Lifestyle Advocates radio program, 1 pm PT

    976.  April 13, interview, the Gary Null Show, 9:35 a.m., PT. Subject: The Bayer-Monsanto Merger Is Bad News for the Planet.

    975. April 12 “Mind Over Matters,” KEXP, Seattle, 9 am PT 

    974. April 5, interview with Deb Hobson, KOPN 89.5  Democracy Now! Chautauqua, 4 pm PT

    973. Mar. 10-12, PBI retreat, Loveland, CO

    972.  Mar. 22 interview with Sinclair Noe, The Financial Review, Money Radio 510, 1:30 pm PST

    971.  Mar. 19, Coast to Coast AM radio, 10pm-midnight, PST

    970.  Feb. 28, interview with Ian Trottier, Miami Radio, http://iantrottier.com/, 5:15 pm EST.  Listen here, bit.ly/EllenBrownCA

    969. Jan. 23. 18th National Conference and Global Forum: The Science Business, and Education of Sustainable Infrastructure, Washington DC, panel

    968.  Jan. 20, Interview with Primo Nutmeg https://soundcloud.com/primonutmeg

    967.  Jan. 17, It’s Our Money, 3 pm est–listen here.

    966.  Jan. 17, interview with Valerie Kirkgaard, http://www.wakingupinamerica.com, 2 pm PST

    965.  Jan. 2, Interview withJeff Rense, rense.com, 9 pm PST

    — 2017 and before, see —

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