The Wealth Concentration Engine: Rethinking America’s Financial Plumbing

Posted on January 29, 2026 by Ellen Brown 





A Jan. 17 article on Quartz Markets by Catherine Baab reports that JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo, Citigroup and Bank of America returned nearly all of their 2025 profits to shareholders. Goldman Sachs returned $16.78 billion on $17.18 billion in earnings, meaning 97.7% of its earnings went to shareholders. Wells Fargo, Citigroup, JPMorgan, and Bank of America collectively returned tens of billions more. Across the six largest banks, roughly $100 billion flowed to shareholders in a single year.





They are currently paid 3.65% on their reserves (substantially more than the banks pay on their customers’ deposits), simply for holding them in reserve accounts rather than using them to capitalize new loans. Tens of billions of dollars that were once remitted to the Treasury now land on bank balance sheets with no public benefit attached.





We subsidize the banks’ safety, underwrite their liquidity, and reward them for sitting on assets, without requiring them to invest in communities, build public wealth, or serve any public purpose. It all seems pretty outrageous; but as it turns out, the banks are doing what U.S. corporate law requires them to do. If they don’t follow the “shareholder primacy rule,” they could actually be sued by their shareholders.









The Rule of Shareholder Primacy





The rule comes from a 1919 Michigan Supreme Court case, Dodge v. Ford Motor Co., in which the court required Ford Motor Company to issue an extra shareholder dividend of $19.3 million that year. The court said:









A business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The powers of the directors are to be employed for that end. The discretion of directors is to be exercised in the choice of men to attain that end and does not extend to a change in the end itself, to the reduction of profits or to the nondistribution of profits among stockholders in order to devote them to other purposes. [Emphasis added.]









According to Robert Rhee in a 2023 Stanford Law Review article, the case sat quietly for decades in the law books. He writes, “Dodge was never influential among courts and was ignored by academics until the neoliberal turn of the 1980s.”





The shareholder primacy rule is thus a judge-made doctrine, revived during an era of deregulation and financialization, which is now deeply embedded in corporate law. It is not a constitutional requirement, not a statute passed by Congress and not a democratic choice of the taxpayers. In fact, it directly contradicts the original American understanding of what a corporation was to be. 





In the 18th and 19th centuries, corporations were not private profit engines but were public institutions, created by state legislatures to serve explicit public purposes — building bridges, canals, turnpikes, water systems and banks. Their charters limited duration, capped profits, restricted activities and could be revoked if the corporation violated its public obligations. As Rhee notes, early corporations were “public bodies designed to serve public purposes.” The idea that corporations exist solely to maximize shareholder value was an early 20th century judicial holding brought out of obscurity in the neoliberal era for political ends.





From Dividends to Buybacks: The Casino Model





For most of the 20th century, corporations returned profits to shareholders through dividends. But in 1982, the Securities Exchange Commission changed Rule 10b‑18, effectively legalizing large-scale buybacks of a corporation’s own stock. By reducing the number of shares outstanding, buybacks inflate earnings per share and drive up stock prices. They also enrich executives, whose pay is tied to stock price and who get bonuses in stock shares.





Unlike dividends, which are transparent, predictable, and relatively stable, buybacks follow the dynamics of a casino. The profit is paid, not by the company, but by the next buyer of the stock. That means someone down the line becomes the “greater fool.” And the corporation still has possession of its own stock.





Meanwhile, according to Gallup, nearly 40% of Americans own no stock at all; and of those who do, a much smaller percentage owns bank stock. The Federal Reserve confirms that the top 10% of the population owns more than 90% of all equities. So when banks return their profits as shareholder buybacks, most Americans are not even at the gaming table.





A White House Critique





In her Quartz article, Catherine Baab observes:









[T]he White House has suddenly become very interested in both bank pricing and corporate buybacks. Last weekend, President Donald Trump warned that credit card issuers would be “breaking the law” if they didn’t cap interest rates at 10% for one year.





Never mind that no such law exists and he lacks the authority to create one. The threat was enough to trigger a Monday sell-off in bank stocks.





Meanwhile, Trump’s housing chief, Bill Pulte, told the Wall Street Journal that homebuilders are “making, in some cases, more money than they’ve ever made, and they’re buying back stock like never before.” Pulte hinted at penalties for companies that don’t help the administration in its purported efforts to push housing costs down. …





But no one in the administration, at least as of this writing, is saying a word about bank buybacks. In fact, the administration pushed to change rules that limited banks’ ability to do that — just months ago.









Baab was referring to a November 2025 move by federal banking regulators to finalize a proposal to ease capital requirements on the nation’s biggest banks. She writes:









After the change, Goldman sent 97.7% of earnings to shareholders. Wells Fargo, Citigroup, JPMorgan, and Bank of America collectively returned tens of billions, too. 









Baab concludes:









Trump’s populism isn’t just hollow. It’s counterproductive, targeting prices in ways that harm affordability while the financial structures that concentrate wealth with those who already have it continue to accelerate.









Some Counter-arguments





While critics accuse the Administration of indulging corporate interests, Reuters reports that the White House is preparing an executive order to restrict dividends, buybacks, and executive compensation for defense contractors whose projects are over budget or behind schedule. This is a direct challenge to one of the most entrenched, bipartisan power centers in Washington.





Meanwhile, at the local end of the financial spectrum, Treasury Sec. Scott Bessent has been making the case for reviving America’s community banks — the institutions that actually lend to small businesses, farmers, first‑time homebuyers and local governments.





In remarks before the Federal Community Bank Conference on Oct. 9, 2025, Bessent emphasized the collapse of new bank formation since 2008, the regulatory tilt toward megabanks, the need to restore local lending ecosystems, and a goal of “Parallel Prosperity” — Wall Street and Main Street rising together. He affirmed, “No longer will regulation serve to entrench big banks and empower Washington bureaucrats to the detriment of community banks and the clients they serve.” 





This is a pro‑community move, and it opens the door to a deeper solution.





The Public Banking Alternative: When the People Are the Shareholders





If the law requires corporations to serve shareholders, then the simplest way to align banking with public needs is to make the public the shareholder. The best working model in the United States today is the Bank of North Dakota (BND) — a century‑old publicly-owned bank in a conservative state that partners with community banks to support local lending. 





The BND finances infrastructure, keeps capital circulating in-state, and returns profits to the public treasury. It does not replace local private banks but strengthens them. And it proves that banks can do productive things with their money if the institutional design rewards it.





If the U.S. wants to redirect capital from buybacks to productive investment, it needs institutions designed for that purpose.





At the national level, H.R.5356, the National Infrastructure Bank Act of 2025,  has been unanimously endorsed by the National Association of Counties among a long list of other endorsers. It mobilizes private capital for public infrastructure, creating long-term, low‑cost financing for projects that generate real economic value; and it is the kind of institution that China and other countries with modern infrastructure already have.





The Deeper Issue: America’s Financial Plumbing Is Misaligned





The real problem is that America’s financial plumbing is not aligned with the needs of the productive economy. We have built a system optimized for shareholder extraction and short‑term returns, which favors megabanks over community banks, the already-rich over struggling families, and private profit over much-needed public infrastructure.





If the problem is in the rules that banks are required to follow, then the solution is either to change the rules or to build institutions that serve the community while operating under the existing banking framework. This can be done with public-community banking partnerships on the model of the Bank of North Dakota and with a national infrastructure bank that serves public infrastructure needs.





At a time when we seriously need to bring the warring factions of our economy together, these banking arrangements can appeal to all political persuasions — to conservatives who value local control, to liberals who value public investment and to independents who are tired of a financial system that seems to serve no one but itself.





Tens of billions of dollars that once went to the public now land on bank balance sheets with no public benefit attached. Banks need to return to their original purpose to serve as public utilities. When the people own the banks, or at least some of them, maximizing shareholder profit means generating profits that flow back into the public arena, available to build schools, bridges, water systems, housing and the modern infrastructure needed to compete on the international stage.





_______________





This article was first posted as an original to ScheerPost.com. Ellen Brown is an attorney, founder of the Public Banking Institute, and author of thirteen books including Web of Debt, The Public Bank Solution, and Banking on the People: Democratizing Money in the Digital Age. Her 400+ blog articles are posted at EllenBrown.com.






					
					

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    1189. Oct. 30, 1:30 pm EST, Bretton Woods 90th Anniversary Commemoration, “The Public Banking Mandate,” power point by zoom.
    

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    1175. 10-19-23, The Final Banking Solution, with Simon Thorpe and Colin Maxwell on The Vinny Eastwood Show, YouTube, Australia.
    

    1174. 8-22-23, 10 am, Claremont, CA, Cobb Institute Center for Process, power point presentation: “Restoring Prosperity with a Financial Transaction Tax and Publicly Owned Banks.“ Zoom link is here.
    

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    1172. 5-22-23: Radio interview, 9:30 am est, The Power Hour.
    

    1171. 5-17-23: TV interview, CGTN America, Global Business: “Banking industry in hot seat during Congressional hearings.”
    

    1170. Apr 27, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition webinar, “How to Build the Nation: National Banking vs. Privatization”
    

    1169. Apr 23, interview on World Stage with Bruce De Torres, TNT Radio
    

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    1163. Mar. 24 & 25, United for Free Speech Webinar, Think Local, Ireland.
    

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    1159. 3-14-23, 5 pm EST, Living In The Solution with Dr. Elaina George
    

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    1157. 3-2-23, 11 am EST, The Gary Null Show, PRN.live.
    

    1156. 2-25-23, 15:00-17:00 GMT (Ireland), Think Local Conference 2023, Panel 3 – Money & Economics – New Paradigms
    

    1155. 2-16-23, 5 pm pst, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition, “Washington, Hamilton, Lincoln: National Banking and the Economic Demands of Today’s Crisis,” NIB Zoom Town Hall
    

    1154. 1-19-23, 5 pm pst, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition, “National Banking Will Drive a U.S. Economic Boom!” NIB Zoom Town Hall
    

    — 2022 —
    

    1153. 12-15-22: 5 pm pst, National Infrastructure Bank Town Hall presentation.
    

    1152. 11-17-22: NIB Zoom Town Hall, “The Next Steps: The American System and the National Infrastructure Bank.”
    

    1151. 10-19-22: NIB Zoom Town Hall, “Rebuild the Nation with a New Reconstruction Finance Corporation.”
    

    1150. 10-8-22: 18th Annual AMI Monetary Reform Conference, 2022 “The Monetary Scene: The Last Three Years,” power point presentation.
    

    1149. 9-8-22, 5 pm pst: NIB Zoom Town Hall, “US at the Crossroads: American Industrial Recovery or Fed Chair Powell’s Recession.”
    

    1148. 8-11-22, 5 pm, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition webinar.
    

    1147. 8-2-22, noon pst, interview by Rep. Pamela Powers Hannley, “Powers for the People” podcast (joining Prof. Bob Hockett).
    

    1146. 8-1-22, 5:50 to 6:10 pm pst, interview with Scott Harris, WPKN Radio in Bridgeport, CT, “Between the Lines.”
    

    1145. 7-22-22, 5 pm pst, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition webinar.
    

    1144. 7-8-22, 5 pm pst, Interview with Kevin Barrett, Truth Jihad Radio.
    

    1143. 6-30-22, 5 pm pst, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition webinar with Prof. Robert Hockett, Sen. Bob Hasegawa, et al.
    

    1142. 6-16-22: National Infrastructure Bank Coalition webinar on stagflation with Nomi Prins, Robert Hockett, et al.
    

    1141. 6-10-22: TNT radio interview with Sen. Malcolm Roberts, Australia.
    

    1140. 5-19-22: 5 pm pst, National Infrastructure Bank town hall presentation. https://www.nibcoalition.com/all-videos
    

    1139. 5-17-22: 11 am pst, interview, Kerry Lutz’s Financial Survival Network.
    

    1138. Apr. 22, 5 pm cst, interview, The Hrvoje Morić Show, TNT Radio
    

    1137. Apr. 22, 11 am est, Gary Null Show, PRN Live
    

    1136. Apr. 20, 7 pm cst, webinar, “Public Banking: Investing in Colorado!,” Colorado Public Banking Coalition
    

    1135. 4-19, 9 am pst, interview with Simone Mariam for the Italian blog MittDolcino
    

    1134. Apr. 19, 12:30 pm pst, interview with Jay Taylor, “A PetroRuble Now Competes with the PetroDollar”, Jay Taylor Media
    

    1133. Apr. 15, Interview with Kristina Borjesson, The Whistleblower Newsroom, bitchute, “History Informs a Reset That Could Serve the People”
    

    1132. Apr. 8, Interview with Kevin Barrett, Truth Jihad Radio, 5 pm pst 
    

    1131. Apr. 6, Podcast with Bob Scheer, ScheerPost.com 
    

    1130. Mar. 31, Power Point presentation on youtube, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Invita: Debates Ensayos de Economia Coordina: Guillermo Maya — Profesor adscrito al Departamento de Economia
    

    

    1129. Mar. 10, Webinar presentation, “Stop Inflation in Its Tracks! Role of the National Infrastructure Bank”
    

    1128. Feb. 17, Webinar presentation for National Infrastructure Bank Coalition, Abraham Lincoln and the American System of Economics
    

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    1127. Dec. 18, Daniel Estulin and Ellen Brown on Global Economic Implosion, Kevin Barrett Truth Jihad
    

    1126. Dec. 7, Interview with Daniel Estulin 
    

    1125. Nov. 27, “The Greening of Finance and the Global PPP Land Grab” with Matt Ehret on youtube
    

    1124. Sep. 29, interview with Jan Roberts of Systems Change Advocate,  jroberts@ciaction.org> linkedin.com/in/jan-roberts-0001688  Systems Change Advocate 
    

    1123. Aug. 30, Center for Global Justice webinar with Walt McRee, “Public Banking: Democratizing Finance”
    

    1122. July 28, 5 pm pst, webinar, “Public Banks: A Path to Economic Transformation in California,” EcoCiv Dialogues for Global Systems Change series
    

    1121. July 22, 5 pm pst, webinar, “The Truth about America’s Monetary System,” American Ethical Union National Conference
    

    1120. Mar. 29, 2 pm est, panel hosted by Rickey Gard Diamond, “Zoom of Our Own, Creating Currency and Blowing Big Bubbles.”
    

    1119. Mar. 25, 11 am pst, BoldRethink webinar, TBA
    

    1118. Mar. 21, 10 am pst, Public Banking panel, TBA
    

    1117. March 5, Sean Stone interview, Unrig
    

    1116. March 2, PBI Live Town Hall, Ohio
    

    1115. Feb. 23, 7 pm est, Eco Justice Collaborative Webinar, “Why the Crises We Face Make Financial Reform Essential,” Religious Society of Friends, Philadelphia
    

    1114. Feb. 17, 11 am, Steff Overbeck, Pod of Gold radio interview
    

    1113. Feb. 18, radio interview, Phil Mikan, wlis1420
    

    1112. Feb. 16, National Infrastructure Bank Coalition Presidents’ Day Webinar 2021 – “National Infrastructure Bank: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants”
    

    1111. Feb. 6, radio interview, Sylvia Richardson, Latin Waves
    

    1110. Jan. 28, 6 pm est, PBI NY Town Hall
    

    1109. Jan. 27, “Ellen Brown and Matt Ehret Discuss: A Brief History of Economic Warfare and the American System”, youtube
    

    1108. Jan. 16, 11 am cst, Warner Lewis, Lewis at Large (Kansas City), KLWN, 101.7 FM
    

    1107. Jan. 15, 3-5 pm, Revolution Radio, The Fetzer Report
    

    1106. Jan. 8, 4 pm PST, zoom power point presentation, Praxis Peace Institute
    

    — 2020 —
    

    1105. Dec. 30, 3 pm EST, Eleanor LeCain radio show on PRN
    

    1104. Dec. 28, 9 pm EST, interview on WPKN Radio with Scott Harris, Between The Lines Radio 
    

    1103. Dec. 13, Ramola D. Reports, US/UK news panel #11, with Prof. Tim Canova, et al.
    

    1102. Dec. 12, podcast/radio interview,  Ralph Nader Radio Hour
    

    1101. Dec. 6, Ramola D. Reports, US/UK news panel #10, with Dr. Christiane Northrup et al.
    

    1100. Nov. 29, Ramola D. Reports, News Panel 9, with Justin Walker, Andy Kaufmann, John Reizer, Sandi Adams
    

    1099. Nov. 3, Turning Point Talks, Australia, Zoom power point presentation, 7 pm Australia time
    

    1098. Nov. 1, 4 pm pst, panel, 2020 Building the New World Conference
    

    1097. Oct. 26, Phil Mikan Show, WLIS/WMRD Radio, Conn., pre-recorded for Friday at 10 est or Saturday at 9-11 est
    

    1096. Oct. 22, 1:15 pm EST, power point presentation, “Public Banking, Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) and the National Debt,” Carolina Hills Community, Chapel Hill, NC
    

    1095. October 3, 1:30, “Energizing a Just Transition Conference.”
    

    1094. Sept. 30, webinar,2020 Building the New World Conference, 4 pm pst/7 pm est
    

    1093. Sept. 12, San Diego public banking group webinar with Sen. Ben Hueso, 5 pm
    

    1092. Sept. 9, interview with Meria Heller, 10 am pst
    

    1091. Aug. 30, interview with Jack Etkin, Citizens Forum,  Community Television, Victoria, BC, 2 pm pst
    

    1090. Aug. 17, The Power Hour, 10 am PDT.
    

    1089. July 30, 4 pm PST, John Truman Wolfe Financial Hour
    

    1088. July 15, 6 pm EST, Connecticut Public Banking Town Hall, livestream here
    

    1087. July 13, Webinar, Center for Global Justice, “Why Public Banking Needs to Be Run as a Public Utility,” San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, 11am-1pm PDT
    

    1086. Interview with Susan Johnson on public banking for Connecticut, WILI’s Let’s Talk About It Show, 5 pm EST
    

    1085. Interview on Russia Today, “In Question,”  “BlackRock the Behemoth,” July 2, 2020
    

    1084. July 1, Bonnie Faulkner interview with Peter Koenig on Guns and Butter
    

    1083, July 1, 8 am PST, interview with Phillip Farruggio, “It’s the Empire, Stupid,” Greanvillepost.com
    

    1082. June 29, 9-9:30 pm EST, interview with Scott Harris, “Between the Lines,” WPKN Radio, Conn.
    

    1081. June 24, 6-6:30 pm EST, interview with Paul DeRienzo, WBAI News, New York City
    

    1080. June 23, 6:30-8pm MST, Webinar on Forming a New Mexico State Public Bank, Alliance for Local Economic Prosperity
    

    1o79. June 10, podcast with Kim Iverson, “The Fed and the Big Bank Wealth Heist. Why We Need Public Banking.”
    

    1078. Interview with Sylvia Richardson, Latin Waves, 10 am PST
    

    1077. June 5, 6 pm pst, Center for American Studies Town Meeting, Concord, NH, live-streamed
    

    1076. June 5, 12:30 pm, Public Banking Town Hall for Colorado Leaders, Zoom conference
    

    1075. May 28, WECAN webinar, “Structuring an Economy for People and Planet in the Time of Climate Crisis and COVID-19,” 11:00 am PST/ 2:00pm EST
    

    1074. May 22, Interview with Kevin Barrett, Truth Jihad Radio, 5 pm PST
    

    1073. May 21, Interview with Aaron Wissner, Local Future, Youtube livestream
    

    1072. May 20, radio interview, “Law and Disorder,” New York City
    

    1071. May 13, interview with Paul Jay, “Does Public Banking Work?”, The Analysis
    

    1070. May 10, 12:00-1:00 PM EST, Dr. Elaina George radio show
    

    1069. May 7, 11 am EST, interview with Phillip Farruggio, “It’s the Empire, Stupid,” Greanvillepost.com
    

    1068. May 6, Conversations with Rob, community radio, 9 am PST
    

    1067. Apr 4, interview with Walt McRee and Mark Anielski, The Economics of Wellbeing podcast (pre-recorded, TBA)
    

    1066. May 2, podcast with Matt Stannard, Cowboys on the Commons
    

    1065. May 1, Interview with Robert Scheer, Scheer Intelligence, KCRW Los Angeles
    

    1064. April 30, 12 noon MDT, Public Banking Virtual Town Hall sponsored by Colorado Public Banking Coalition
    

    1063. April 30, 6-6:30 pm, interview with Paul DeRienzo, WBAI News, New York City
    

    1062. Apr 29, 1 pm PST, radio interview with Reinette Senum, KVRM, Nevada City, CA (pre-recorded)
    

    1061. Apr 26, Schiller Institute Online Conference, 3 pm EST
    

    1060. Apr 26, 6:30 am PST, Morano in the Morning radio talk show
    

    1059. Apr 21, Interview with Jason Hartman, Creating Wealth Show
    

    1058. April 13, “Flashpoints,” KPFA, 5:40 pm PST.
    

    1057. April 9, radio interview with Claudia Cragg, “It’s the Economy,” KGNU Boulder CO, 6 pm MST.
    

    1056. April 7, “Treasury Takeover?”, podcast interview with Sarah Westall and Harley Schlanger
    

    1055. March 26, interview with Phillip Farruggio, “It’s the Empire, Stupid,” Greanvillepost.com
    

    1054. Mar. 17, 7 pm EST, interview with Gary Null, Progressive Commentary Hour
    

    1053. Feb. 19, radio interview on George Noory’s “Coast to Coast,” 10-12 pm pst.
    

    1052. Feb. 8, interview with Sylvia Richardson, “Latin Waves” radio podcast.
    

    1051. Jan. 8, interview with Marcus Ruiz Evans, 1 pm PST
    

    1050. Jan. 2, interview with Kevin Barrett,  truthjihadradio, 5 pm PST
    

    — 2019 —
    

    1049. Dec. 2, Interview with Jeff J. Brown, China Rising Radio
    

    1048. Nov. 24, 7 pm, presentation sponsored by Agenda for a Prophetic Faith, Claremont Presbyterian Church, Claremont, CA, “Why We Need Public Banks”
    

    1047. Nov. 24, 11 am, public banking presentation for “Growing Christians” class, Claremont United Methodist Church, Claremont, CA
    

    1046. Nov. 23, public banking presentation, Pilgrim Place, Claremont, CA
    

    1045. Nov 16-17, speaker, Soil & Nutrition Conference, Southbridge, MA.
    

    1044. Nov. 12, interview in New York with Max Keiser, Keiser Report, “Repo Markets and UBI”
    

    1043. Nov. 6, 5 pm EST, The CivicLab Show with Tom Tresser, live@www.facebook.com/tomtree
    

    1042. Oct. 23, 11:30 am-1:30 pm, luncheon presentation on public banking, League of Women Voters of San Diego, Tom Ham’s Lighthouse Restaurant, 2150 Harbor Island Dr., San Diego
    

    1041. Oct. 22, Presentation on public banking, DSA San Diego, Unite Here Union Hall, 2436 Market Street, San Diego, 6-7:30 pm.
    

    1040. Oct 16-18, keynote speaker, Economics of Happiness conference, Jeonju, South Korea
    

    1039. Oct. 6, 6 pm pst, interview, Jeff Rense Radio.
    

    1038. Sept 30, noon EST, radio interview with Pauline Salotti, WUSB, Stony Brook, NY, 90.1 FM, wusb.fm.
    

    1037. Sept. 26, 7 pm presentation, “Exploding the Myths of Money and Banking,” New Paradigm College, Lake County, CA
    

    1036. Sept. 20, podcast interview, Silver Doctors
    

    1035. Sept. 19, 8-9 pm pst, interview, Jeff Rense Radio.
    

    1034. Interview, Sept. 13 at 5 pm–6 pm on KPFZ, Lake County community Radio, 88.1 FM.
    

    1033. Sept. 6, Live with Ernest Hancock, 11 am EST (at 2 hour mark on video)
    

    1032. Aug. 26, interview with Jason Hartman, Creating Wealth Show, 12:00 pm PST.
    

    1031. Aug. 9, interview with Lauren Steiner, youtube
    

    1030. July 25, youtube podcast with Sarah Westall, “This is Why China Is Winning”
    

    1029. July 23, interview with Steve Bhaerman, Wiki Politiki Radio Show, 2 pm pst.
    

    1028. July 19, interview with Kevin Barrett,  truthjihadradio, 5 pm PST
    

    1027. July 12, 11 am pst, interview with Annie Esposito and Steve Scalmanini, “Corporations & Democracy,” Mendocino County, CA, www.KZYX.org
    

    1026. Interview with Crystal Arnold, Money-Wise Women, posted July 10
    

    1025. July 9, interview with Liz Lane, “It’s the Economy,” KGNU Boulder/Denver/Ft. Collins, 6 pm MDT/8 pm EDT.
    

    1024. June 23, interview with Mark Anielski, “The Economics of Well-being”
    

    1023. June 15, interview with Tom Allen, “This Week in Money,” HoweStreet.com
    

    1022. June 13, Interview with Sinclair Noe, “Financial Review,” MoneyRadio1510.com (pre-recorded)
    

    1021. June 12, 2 pm, interview on Princeton Community TV, Princeton NJ, “The Public Banking Solution” with Walt McRee
    

    1020. June 1, interview with Sylvia Richardson, “Latin Waves” radio podcast.
    

    1019.  Apr. 5, interview with Phillip Watt, healbyhypnosis.com, 3 pm, PT
    

    1018.  April 3, panel discussion on Green New Deal, BBC World Service, “The Balance”
    

    1017.  March 28, interview on Thom Hartmann show.
    

    1016. March 22,  interview with Sinclair Noe, Money Radio 1510 
    

    1015.  March 11, interview with Phillip Farruggio, greanvillepost.com, 11 a.m. EST
    

    1014.
    

    1013.  Feb. 9, interview with Sylvia Richardson, Latin Waves, 8 a.m. PT
    

    1012.  Feb. 8, interview with Kevin Barrett,  truthjihadradio, 6 pm, PST
    

    1011. Jan. 31, interview with Lee Camp, LeeCampComedySpecial.com
    

    1010.  Jan. 3, interview with Robert Stark, The Stark Truth with Robert Stark, re The Green New Deal  https://www.starktruthradio.com/?p=8534
    

    — 2018 —
    

    1009.  Dec. 17, interview with Scott Harris, WPKN radio, Bridgeport, CT, Between the Lines Radio Newsmagazine, 9:30 ET
    

    1008. Nov. 2, Interview with Mike Prysner on Real News Network, https://therealnews.com/stories/will-public-banking-free-la-from-wall-street
    

    1007. Oct. 31, interview on Real News Network, Student Debt Dogs Millenials for a Lifetime and Drags Down the Economy, https://therealnews.com/stories/student-debt-dogs-millennials-for-a-lifetime-and-drags-down-the-economy
    

    1006. Oct. 22, speaker with Gar Alperovitz at Praxis Peace Institute, “Changing the System: California’s Strategic Role in National Strategic Change,” Sonoma, CA, 276 E. Napa St, Sonoma. 7:00 pm.
    

    1005. Oct 19-21, Bioneers Conference, panelist on Oct 20, 2:45 pm, Marin Center, San Rafael, CA.997. 
    

    1004. Oct. 18, 350Marin.org, speaking along with Susan Harman, 750 Lindaro Street, San Rafael CA, 6:30pm.
    

    1003. Oct. 17, video interview with Abby Martin, work in progress. 
    

    1001.  Oct. 11, Interview with Harvey Wasserman, Greenpower and Wellness, prn.fm, KPFK Los Angeles, 2 pm
    

    1000.  Oct. 9, speaker, State Bank Forum, University of Washington, Kane Hall, 7-9pm http://sdc.wastateleg.org/hasegawa/state-bank/
    

    999. Oct. 7, panel, Americans for Democratic Action of Southern California Annual Garden Party, 2-5:30 pm, Santa Monica, CA
    

    998.  Oct. 4, 7:30 pm, Living Economy Salon, panelist, Public Bank LA: “Solutions for Social and Environmental Justice”, 3110 Main St., Annex Building C 2nd Floor, Santa Monica, CA 90405
    

    997. Oct. 3, interview on Unmediated, podcast of Reader Magazine, episode title: Making Money The Public’s Slave (The Public Banking Solution), 10 a.m.  PT
    

    996. Oct. 1, radio interview, “The Power Hour,” www.thepowerhour.com, 2 pm
    

    995. Sept. 28, interview with Sinclair Noe, Money Radio 1510, pre-recorded for a later date
    

    994.  Sept. 20-22, California Vision 2020 Conference, speaking at 11 am on Sept 20, Sheraton Grand Hotel , Sacramento.
    

    993.  Sept. 10, interview with Lila Garrett on KPFK, “Connect the Dots”, http://www.kpfk.org/on-air/connect-the-dots/  7. a.m. PT
    

    992. Sept. 4, interview with Steve Bhaerman, Wikipolitiki Radio, wikipolitiki.com, 2 pm PT
    

    991. Aug. 31, interview with Kevin Barrett, truthjihadradio. 6 pm PT
    

    990. Aug. 26, Left Coast Forum, 1:30 pm, Los Angeles Trade Tech
    

    989. Aug. 22, interview, the Gary Null Show, 9:40 PST
    

    988. Aug. 14, podcast interview with Sarah Westall, 9 am pst/11 am cst
    

    987. Aug. 8, interview with Tom Allen, “This Week in Money”, HoweStreet.com
    

    986.  Aug. 9, interview with Sinclair Noe, Money Radio 1510, pre-recorded for a later date
    

    985. Aug. 3, 9-10 pm pst, radio interview with True Ott
    

    984. Aug 2, New York Green Party video livestream,  5 pm PST
    

    983.  Aug. 1, interview with Elizabeth Dougherty, The Dougherty Report, Newsradio 102.5 WFLA, 3 pm PST
    

    982. July 21, guest on WakingupinAmerica.com, 6:45 a.m., PDT
    

    981.  June 28, interview on MONEY RADIO with Sinclair Noe, 11:00 a.m., PST
    

    980. May 16, “It’s Our Money,” PRN.FM, 3 pm est
    

    979. May 16, interview with Michael Welch, Global Research, 11 am pst
    

    978. May 4, First Unitarian Church, Portland, power point presentation, “How Public Banking Would Benefit Portland and Oregon”, 7-9 pm
    

    977.  April 17, Retirement Lifestyle Advocates radio program, 1 pm PT
    

    976.  April 13, interview, the Gary Null Show, 9:35 a.m., PT. Subject: The Bayer-Monsanto Merger Is Bad News for the Planet.
    

    975. April 12 “Mind Over Matters,” KEXP, Seattle, 9 am PT 
    

    974. April 5, interview with Deb Hobson, KOPN 89.5  Democracy Now! Chautauqua, 4 pm PT
    

    973. Mar. 10-12, PBI retreat, Loveland, CO
    

    972.  Mar. 22 interview with Sinclair Noe, The Financial Review, Money Radio 510, 1:30 pm PST
    

    971.  Mar. 19, Coast to Coast AM radio, 10pm-midnight, PST
    

    970.  Feb. 28, interview with Ian Trottier, Miami Radio, http://iantrottier.com/, 5:15 pm EST.  Listen here, bit.ly/EllenBrownCA
    

    969. Jan. 23. 18th National Conference and Global Forum: The Science Business, and Education of Sustainable Infrastructure, Washington DC, panel
    

    968.  Jan. 20, Interview with Primo Nutmeg https://soundcloud.com/primonutmeg
    

    967.  Jan. 17, It’s Our Money, 3 pm est–listen here.
    

    966.  Jan. 17, interview with Valerie Kirkgaard, http://www.wakingupinamerica.com, 2 pm PST
    

    965.  Jan. 2, Interview withJeff Rense, rense.com, 9 pm PST
    

    — 2017 and before, see —
    

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